Fungal endophytes as multifunctional agents in crop protection: mechanisms, applications and prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.r264.v12.2026Keywords:
Biological control, host plants, entomopathogenic fungi, sustainable agriculture, bioproducts, environmental risks, health risksAbstract
The increasing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has intensified the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. Endophytic fungi have emerged as promising agents due to their ability to colonize plant tissues without causing harm while promoting plant growth and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This review discusses the role of endophytic fungi, particularly entomopathogenic species such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, in plant protection. These microorganisms contribute to pest and disease control through multiple mechanisms, including the production of bioactive metabolites, induction of systemic resistance, modulation of plant hormonal pathways, and competition with pathogens. Additionally, their capacity to improve nutrient uptake and stress tolerance is highlighted. The integration of endophytic fungi into agricultural systems represents a sustainable strategy to reduce chemical inputs and increase crop yield. Despite their potential, challenges remain regarding field application, consistency of results, and large-scale implementation. Advances in biotechnology and a better understanding of plant–microbe interactions are essential for exploring and improving the benefits these organisms provide for crops.
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